{"id":8082,"date":"2011-05-15T04:03:22","date_gmt":"2011-05-15T09:03:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/?p=8082"},"modified":"2018-12-15T13:38:37","modified_gmt":"2018-12-15T17:38:37","slug":"the-relative-masses-of-a-proton-and-electron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/the-relative-masses-of-a-proton-and-electron\/","title":{"rendered":"The relative masses of a proton and electron"},"content":{"rendered":"

We have shown throughout\u00c2\u00a0this blog there would be many theoretical advantages to defining space in terms of a continuous non-quantized field of energy\/mass and four *spatial* dimensions instead of four dimensional space-time.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

One is that it would allow one to understand why a proton and an election have different masses even though the absolute magnitude of their charge is the same in terms of the laws of classical three-dimensional space. <\/span>
\nIn the article “<\/span>Why is energy\/mass quantized?<\/span><\/a>” Oct. 4, 2007 it was showed one can derive its quantum mechanical properties by extrapolating the laws of classical resonance in a three-dimensional environment to a matter wave in a continuous non-quantized field of energy\/mass moving on a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.<\/span><\/p>\n

(Louis de Broglie was the first to predict the existence of a continuous field of energy\/mass when he theorized that all particles had a wave component.\u00c2\u00a0 His theories were confirmed by the discovery of electron diffraction by crystals in 1927 by Davisson and Germer.)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Briefly it showed the four conditions required for resonance to occur in a classical three-dimensional environment, an object, or substance with a natural frequency, a forcing function at the same frequency as the natural frequency, the lack of a damping frequency and the ability for the substance to oscillate spatial would occur in one consisting of four *spatial* dimensions.<\/span><\/p>\n

The existence of four *spatial* dimensions would give a matter wave the ability to oscillate spatially on a “surface” between a third and fourth *spatial* dimension thereby fulfilling one of the requirements for classical resonance to occur.<\/span><\/p>\n

These oscillations would be caused by an event such as the decay of a subatomic particle or the shifting of an electron in an atomic orbital.\u00c2\u00a0 This would force the “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension to oscillate with the frequency associated with the energy of that event.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, the oscillations caused by such an event would serve as forcing function allowing a resonant system or “structure” to be established in a continuous field of energy\/mass.\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

Classical mechanics tells us the energy of a resonant system can only take on the discrete quantized values associated with its resonant or a harmonic of its resonant frequency. <\/span><\/p>\n

The article “<\/span>Why is energy\/mass quantized?<\/span><\/a>” showed why these resonant systems in four *spatial* dimensions are responsible for the discrete quantized energies associated with protons and electrons.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, one can also use the above concept of four *spatial* dimensions to understand the physical boundaries <\/span>of a proton and electron. <\/span>\u00c2\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In classical physics, a point on the two-dimensional surface of paper is confined to that surface.\u00c2\u00a0 However, that surface can oscillate up or down with respect to three-dimensional space.\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Similarly an object occupying a volume of three-dimensional space would be confined to it however, it could, similar to the surface of the paper oscillate \u00e2\u20ac\u0153up\u00e2\u20ac\u009d or \u00e2\u20ac\u0153down\u00e2\u20ac\u009d with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The confinement of the \u00e2\u20ac\u0153upward\u00e2\u20ac\u009d and \u00e2\u20ac\u0153downward\u00e2\u20ac\u009d oscillations of a three-dimension volume with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension is what defines the spatial boundaries associated with a particle in the article \u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/span><\/span>Why is energy\/mass quantized?<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00e2\u20ac\u0153<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(The internal structure of quarks, a fundament component of particles was derived in the article “<\/span>The geometry of quarks<\/span><\/a>” Mar. 15, 2009 in terms of an interaction between a continuous energy\/mass component of space and the geometry of four *spatial* dimensions.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Meanwhile in the article “<\/span>The reality of the fourth *spatial* dimension<\/span><\/a>” Dec. 1, 2010 it was shown that one can derive all forms of energy including gravity in terms of a displacement or curvature in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. <\/span><\/p>\n

This curvature is analogous to the space-time curvature “The General Theory of Relativity” hypothesized is responsible for gravitational energy.<\/span><\/p>\n

One advantage, as will be shown below to defining the universe in terms of four *spatial* dimensions is that allows for a bidirectional spatial movement of a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold whereas defining it in terms of four dimensional space-time does not.\u00c2\u00a0 This is because one can move in two directions up or down, forwards or backwards in a spatial dimension but in only one direction, forward in a time dimension.<\/span><\/p>\n

For example in the article “<\/span>Electromagnetism in four *spatial* dimensions<\/span><\/a>” Sept. 27, 2007 showed one can derive the polarity and absolute magnitude of the charge on a proton and electron in terms of a bidirectional displacement of a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.<\/span><\/p>\n

It derived the positive charge of a proton in terms of a “downward” displacement\u00c2\u00a0 in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.\u00c2\u00a0 While the negative the charge of an electron will be derived in terms of oppositely directed “upward” displacement in that surface.<\/span><\/p>\n

One can understand how these displacements would define their electrical properties by extrapolating the laws of classical mechanics of displacements in water to it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Classical mechanics tell us that if one lifts a bucket full of water or pushes down on an empty one a force will be developed that will cause the bucket raised above or the one that was pushed down below its surface to move or become “attracted” to its surface.<\/span><\/p>\n

Similarly if one lifts or pushed down on a “surface” of three-dimensional space manifold a force will be developed that will cause the raised or depressed regions to become attracted to its surface.<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, one could derive why the unlike charges attract each other in terms of a classical mechanism if one assumes that they are a result oppositely directed of a displacement\u00c2\u00a0 in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

Additional classical mechanics also tells us there is a direct relationship between the magnitudes of a displacement in the surface of water to the magnitude of the energy resisting that displacement. <\/span><\/p>\n

For example the force resisting the further displacement of an empty bucket in water is directly related to the depth of that displacement. <\/span><\/p>\n

This defines why like charges repel each other because the displacement in a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold caused by two similar charges will be greater than that caused by a single one.\u00c2\u00a0 Therefore, similar charges will repel each other because the magnitude of the energy resisting the displacement will be greater for two identical charges than it would be for a single charge. <\/span><\/p>\n

The mechanism responsible for generating this movement was defined in the article “<\/span>The reality of the fourth *spatial* dimension<\/span><\/a>\u00e2\u20ac\u009d were it was shown when mass is converted to energy or energy to mass, the “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold either “expands” or “contracts” with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.\u00c2\u00a0 This would result in the movement of that “surface” respect to it.<\/span><\/p>\n

The effects these movements have on the density of continuous energy\/mass component of the resonant systems that defined the quantum mechanical properties of a proton and electron in the article “<\/span>Why is energy\/mass quantized?<\/span><\/a>” are analogous to the effects high and low pressure areas in the earth’s atmosphere have on density of air molecules.<\/span><\/p>\n

In a high-pressure area, the energy of air molecules is directed downwards towards the surface of the earth.\u00c2\u00a0 This results in the density of the air molecules at the apex of a high-pressure area to be greater than their density in the volume of air adjacent to it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conversely, in a low-pressure area the energy of the air molecules is directed upward away from the surface of the earth which results in their density at the apex of a low-pressure area to be less than the density of the air molecules in the volume of air adjacent to it.<\/span><\/p>\n

A similar effect would occur in space with respect to the density of their continuous energy\/mass component<\/span><\/p>\n

In a dimensional \u00e2\u20ac\u0153high-energy volume\u00e2\u20ac\u009d associated with the positive charge of a proton, the energy of the continuous energy\/mass component of space would be directed \u00e2\u20ac\u0153downward\u00e2\u20ac\u009d with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension, towards the \u00e2\u20ac\u0153surface\u00e2\u20ac\u009d of a three-dimension space manifold.\u00c2\u00a0 This results in its density in the resonant system of a proton to be greater relative to its density in the volume adjacent to it.<\/span><\/p>\n

This is analogous to how the air molecules at the apex of a high-pressure area in the earth’s atmosphere would be denser than the air molecules in the volume of air adjacent to the apex of a high-pressure area.<\/span><\/p>\n

Conversely in a dimensional \u00e2\u20ac\u0153low-energy volume\u00e2\u20ac\u009d associated with the negative charge of an electron, the energy of the continuous energy\/mass component of space would be directed \u00e2\u20ac\u0153upward\u00e2\u20ac\u009d with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension, away from the \u00e2\u20ac\u0153surface\u00e2\u20ac\u009d of a three-dimension space manifold.\u00c2\u00a0 This results in its density in the resonant system of an electron to be less relative to its density in the volume adjacent to it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore, the density of the continuous energy\/mass component of the resonant system of a proton will be greater than that of an electron even though the absolute magnitude electrical energy or charge is the same. <\/span><\/p>\n

This is analogous to why the density of air molecules in a high-pressure area is greater that in a low-pressure area even though the magnitude of their energy is same but oppositely directed.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the article “<\/span>Gravity and electromagnetism linked in four *spatial* dimensions<\/span><\/a>” Dec 14, 2007 it was shown that the mass of a particle or object is directly related to the density or concentration of the continuous field of energy\/mass contained in the volume of a particle or object.<\/span><\/p>\n

Therefore because the density, as mentioned earlier of the continuous non-quantized field of energy\/mass is greater in a proton than that of an electron its mass will also be greater than that of an electron. <\/span><\/p>\n

This shows that one of the theoretical advantages to define the space in terms of a continuous field of energy\/mass and four *spatial* dimensions instead of four dimensional space time is that it would allow one to understand why the relative mass of a proton is greater than that of an electron even though the absolute magnitude of their charge is the same by extrapolating the laws of a classical environment to four *spatial* dimensions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Later Jeff<\/span><\/p>\n

Copyright Jeffrey O’Callaghan 2011<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We have shown throughout\u00c2\u00a0this blog there would be many theoretical advantages to defining space in terms of a continuous non-quantized field of energy\/mass and four *spatial* dimensions instead of four dimensional space-time. One is that it would allow one to understand why a proton and an election have different masses even though the absolute magnitude … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[21,57,22],"tags":[20,636,638,364,411,351,494,412,350,289,343,440,634,500,635,302,637],"yst_prominent_words":[1424,1421,2492,2491,2489,2490,1566,1546,1557,1448,1408,1482,1409,1665,1418,1471,1426,1420,1443,1415],"class_list":["post-8082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-theroetical","category-particle-physics","category-the-unexplained","tag-quantum-mechanics","tag-absolute-magnitude","tag-air-molecules","tag-classical-resonance","tag-davisson","tag-davisson-and-germer","tag-electron-diffraction","tag-germer","tag-louis-de-broglie","tag-quantum-mechanical","tag-resonance","tag-resonant-systems","tag-the-general-theory-of-relativity","tag-theoretical-advantages","tag-theory-of-relativity","tag-three-dimensional-space","tag-unlike-charges-attract"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8082"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8082\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8082"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8082"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8082"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.theimagineershome.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=8082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}