Particles or fields you cannot have it both ways

Is our universe made up of particles or fields?  On the one hand quantum physics tells that the universe is made up of discrete units of energy/mass while relativistic physics tells us it is composed of a continuous field of space-time Unfortunately these two ideas do not work well together because a continuous field by … Read more

Deriving mass without the Higgs Boson

Einstein told us that energy and mass are interchangeable however he did not define what mass is.  He only told us how mass interacts with space-time. As Steven Weinberg said “Mass tells space-time how to curve while space-time tells mass how to move”. However Einstein’s inability to define or derive the casualty of mass is … Read more

What are the continuous field properties of dark matter?

One of the more puzzling unsolved mysteries in modern physics and cosmology is what Dark Matter . Fritz Zwicky first theorized its existence in 1930 after measuring the rotational speed of individual galaxies in several galactic clusters.  He found they could not be predicted by Newton laws of gravity based on mass of all of … Read more