Quantum Chromodynamics, which is an integral part of the Standard Model of Particle Physics, defines how quarks interact with themselves and each other to form particles such as protons and neutrons. The word quantum stands for the fact that interactions (forces between particles) on this level can be represented as things that occur only in … Read more
The Pauli Exclusion Principle is the quantum mechanical principle that says that two identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. Presently it is defined in the terminology of quantum mechanics as when the wave function for two identical fermions is anti-symmetric with respect to exchange of the particles. In … Read more
We have shown throughout this blog there would be many theoretical advantages to defining the universe in terms of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four dimensional space-time. One of them is that it would allow for theoretically defining a common mechanism for gravity and the color charge of quarks by extrapolating observations made in a three-dimensional … Read more