Particles or fields you cannot have it both ways

Is our universe made up of particles or fields?  On the one hand quantum physics tells that the universe is made up of discrete units of energy/mass while relativistic physics tells us it is composed of a continuous field of space-time Unfortunately these two ideas do not work well together because a continuous field by … Read more

Dark energy: the cosmological constant

We have shown throughout this blog and its companion book “The Reality of the Fourth *Spatial* Dimension” observations of our environment suggest the universe is composed of four *spatial* dimensions rather than four-dimensional space-time as is suggested by Einstein’s theories. The recent discovery of Dark Energy is one of those observations. As Alexey Vikhlinin of the … Read more

Why four spatial dimensions?

We have shown throughout this blog and its companion book “The Reality of the Fourth *Spatial* Dimension” there would be several theoretical advantages to defining the universe in term of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time. For example, it would enable physicists to define a theoretical model that could explain and predict the uncertainty … Read more