Space-time or four *spatial* dimensions?

There are many theories that attempt to explain what we observed in our three dimensional environment in terms of higher dimensions.  However they all suffer from the same problem in that the existence of those higher dimensions are primarily based on abstract on mathematical models.  The reason is because we as three dimensional beings are … Read more

The physical meaning of Schrödinger wave equation

Quantum mechanics defines our observable environment only in terms of the probabilistic values associated with Schrödinger’s wave equation. However it is extremely difficult to define a set of statements which explains how those probabilities are physically connected to it even though it has held up to rigorous and thorough experimental testing. This may be the … Read more

The “reality” of the Big Crunch

Astrophysicists  have identified three possible fates for the universe, one is called the Big Crunch, where gravity takes over and begins to pull the cosmos back, compressing to one point.  Another is the Big Rip, where the accelerative forces associated with Dark Energy causes it to expand at an every increasing rate until the galaxies, … Read more

The Geometry of Black body Radiation

Einstein was often quoted as saying “If a new theory was not based on a physical image simple enough for a child to understand, it was probably worthless.” For example one can easily understand how a curvature in space-time can cause gravity in terms of the physical image of a marble on a curved surface … Read more

The reliability of our mathematical universes

How can we be sure that the mathematical universes we create actually exist in nature? Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac addressed this issue in a lecture he delivered on February 6, 1939 regarding “The Relation between Mathematics and Physics“. “The physicist, in his study of natural phenomena, has two methods of making progress: (1) the method … Read more