|
|
|
|
|
|
|
An electrical potential is caused by displacements in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
Chapter one hypothesized space is composed of four *spatial* dimensions and a continuous non-quantized form of mass.
In Chapter eight the relative masses of protons and electrons were derived in terms of the density of a continuous non-quantized form of mass contained in their volumes.
The mechanism responsible for generating these displacements will be derived in Chapter twelve. It will be shown when energy is released by the conversion of mass to energy, the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold "expands" towards a fourth *spatial* dimension. This results in the movement or displacement of the "surface" of the three-dimensional space manifold where that mass is located with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. An oppositely directed displacement would occur when energy is converted to mass in particle accelerators.
In Chapter Eight it was shown the direction of this displacement relative to a fourth *spatial* dimension effects the density of a continuous non-quantized form of mass in the volume occupied by that manifold. Therefore, one can derive the relative masses of a photon and electron in terms their oppositely directed electrical energy, as was done in Chapter Eight because it affects the density of a continuous non-quantized mass component of space in the volumes they occupied.
However, the effects these displacements have on a spatial environment are analogous to the effects the displacement of mercury in a barometer has on its environment.
A barometer consists of a U shaped glass tube filled with mercury that has one side sealed with the air removed so the air pressure on that side of the U tube is close to zero.
The displacements in the earth's atmosphere called high or low-pressure areas cause the surface of the mercury in the open tube upward or downward with respect to the surface of the mercury in the sealed side of the tube. The direction of the energy of air molecules determines which way the mercury moves. In a high-pressure area, the mercury moves downward because the energy of the air molecules is directed downward. While in a low-pressure area the mercury move upward relative to where it would be in a high-pressure area because the downward energy of the air molecules is less than it is in a high-pressure area.
The magnitude of the energy of a high or low-pressure area can be determined by measuring the separation in the surfaces of the two columns of mercury and calculating the energy or pressure required to cause that separation.
Chapter thirteen will derive the polarity of a unit charge in terms of how dimensional "high and low energy volumes" effects the "surfaces" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
It will be shown that in a three-dimensional "high energy volume" the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold moves "downward" because the pressure of a continuous non-quantized form of mass is directed downward towards the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. This would be analogous to how the air molecules in a high-pressure area cause the surface of mercury to move downward in a barometer.
Similarly, in three-dimensional "low energy volume" the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold moves "upward" with respect to where it would be in a three-dimensional high energy volume because the pressure of a continuous non-quantized form of mass is directed upward towards the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. This would be analogous to how the air molecules in a low-pressure area cause the surface of mercury to move upward in a barometer with respect to where it was in a high-pressure area.
Chapter ten will demonstrate there is a direct relationship between the magnitude of a spatial "separation" between two "surfaces" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension and the magnitude of the energy differential associated with that "separation".
Therefore, the relative "separation" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension caused by the "upward" or "downward" "movement" of a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold associated with a positive or negative charge will result in an energy differential to be developed along a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold.
This spatial separation between the “surfaces” of a three-dimensional space manifold is the casualty of an electrical potential.
The relative "positions" of the "surfaces" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension determines the polarity of the electric potential. If one defines the energy associated with a "surface" of a three-dimensional manifold "above" another one with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension as positive electric potential one would define the energy associated with a "surface" of a three-dimensional manifold "below" it with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension as negative electric potential.
This completes the derivation of an electrical potential in terms of an energy gradient in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
Additionally it shows an electrical potential and the relative masses of a proton and electron share a common casualty in terms displacements in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension because, as was mentioned earlier, Chapter eight derived the relative masses of a proton and electron in terms of an energy gradient in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
The universe's most
powerful enabling tool is not
knowledge or understanding but
imagination
because it extends the reality of
one's environment.
Copyright 1995 Jeffrey O'Callaghan
