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An electrical potential is caused by energy gradients in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
Chapter one postulated space is composed of four *spatial* dimensions and a continuous non-quantized form of mass and energy.
in Chapter eight the relative masses of a proton and electron were derived in terms the existence of three-dimensional "high and low energy volumes" caused by energy gradients in the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial dimension. It was shown the relative mass of a proton and electron are related to the density of a continuous non-quantized form of mass in these "energy volumes"
Chapter Ten will show these energy "gradients" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension would effect its "surface" similar to the way the energy or pressure gradients called high and low pressure areas in the earth's atmosphere effect the surface of mercury in a barometer.
A barometer consists of a U shaped glass tube filled with mercury that has one side sealed with the air removed so the air pressure on that side of the U tube is close to zero.
The energy gradients in the earth's atmosphere called high or low pressure areas cause the surface of the mercury in the open tube upward or downward with respect to the surface of the mercury in the sealed end of the tube. The direction of the energy of air molecules determines which way the mercury moves. In a high pressure area the mercury moves downward because the energy of the air molecules is directed downward. While in a low pressure area the mercury move upward relative to where it would be in a high pressure area because the downward energy of the air molecules is less than it is in a high pressure area.
The magnitude of the atmospheric energy of a high or low pressure area can be determined by measuring the separation in the surfaces of the two columns of mercury and calculating the energy or pressure required to cause that separation.
Chapter thirteen will derive the polarity of a unit charge in terms of how dimensional "high and low energy volumes" effects the "surfaces" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
It will be shown that in a three-dimensional "high energy volume" the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold moves "downward" because the pressure of a continuous non-quantized form of mass is directed downward towards the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. This would be analogous to how the air molecules in a high pressure area cause the surface of mercury to move downward in a barometer.
Similarly, in three-dimensional "low energy volume" the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold moves "upward" with respect to where it would be in a three-dimensional high energy volume because the pressure of a continuous non-quantized form of mass is directed upward towards the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. This would be analogous to how the air molecules in a low pressure area cause the surface of mercury to move upward in a barometer with respect to where it was in a high pressure area.
The magnitude of electrical energy or potential would be determined by the magnitude of the spatial separation between two "surfaces" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension similar to how the magnitude of the pressure of energy of high and low pressure areas is determined by the separation of the two columns of mercury.
Chapter ten will demonstrate there is a direct relationship between the magnitude of a spatial "separation" between two "surfaces" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension and the magnitude of the energy differential associated with that "separation".
Therefore, the relative "separation" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension caused by the "upward" or "downward" "movement" of a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold associated with a positive or negative charge will result in an energy differential to be developed along a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold.
This spatial separation between the “surfaces” of a three-dimensional space manifold is the casualty of an electrical potential.
The relative "positions" of the "surfaces" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension determines the polarity of the electric potential. If one defines the energy associated with a "surface" of a three-dimensional manifold "above" another one with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension as positive electric potential one would define the energy associated with a "surface" of a three-dimensional manifold "below" it with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension as negative electric potential.
This completes the derivation of an electrical potential in terms of an energy gradient in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
Additionally it shows an electrical potential and the relative masses of a proton and electron share a common casualty in terms energy gradients in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension because, as was mentioned earlier, Chapter eight derived the relative masses of a proton and electron in terms of an energy gradient in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
“The
universe's most powerful enabling tool is
not knowledge or understanding
but
imagination"
Jeffrey O'Callaghan