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However, it can be shown the uncertainty of the position and momentum of a particle is physically related to the internal structure of the resonant system that defines a particle in Chapter two.
Chapter one postulated a volume of space is composed of four *spatial* dimensions and a continuous non-quantized form of mass.
In Chapter two, a particle was defined in terms of a resonant system or "structure" formed in space by a matter wave in a continuous non-quantized form of mass.
(Louis de Broglie was the first to theorize that all particles had a wave component. His theories were confirmed by the discovery of electron diffraction by crystals in 1927 by Davisson and Germer. However, this means there must be a continuous non-quantized medium for it to be propagated on because even the smallest possible particle must have a wave component. However, macroscopic observations of wave energy indicate that it can only be propagated on a medium made up of mass. Therefore, the success of Louis de Broglie theory indicates that a continuous non-quantized form of mass exists.)
This indicates the momentum of a specific particle would be related to the quantity of a continuous non-quantized form of mass contained in its resonant structure while its position would be related to were in space that resonant structure is located.
The uncertainty involved in simultaneously measuring both the momentum and position of a particle is related to fact that its mass and position are disturbed throughout the volume of space associated with the wavelength of its resonant structure.
Therefore, there is an inherent uncertainty in one's ability to measure the exact the position of a particle because it can be anywhere in the volume of space occupied by its resonant structure.
Similarly, there is an inherent uncertainty in the ability to measure the exact the momentum of a particle because the quantity of mass in a particle at each point in space will vary according to where it is measured with respect to the matter wave responsible for generating it.
The accuracy of a measurement is determined by how much of the measurement parameter is accessed. For example, one must access more of the mass component of the matter wave responsible for the momentum of a particle as he or she increase the accuracy of the measurement of its momentum.
However, this means a portion of the energy of the matter wave responsible for the "position" of a particle will not be available to define its boundaries.
This is because the same matter wave responsible for a particle's momentum is also responsible for generating the resonant system responsible for a particle's boundaries. Therefore, if a portion of it is used to measure its momentum there will be less available to define its boundaries thereby causing it to occupy a bigger volume making the measurement of its position less accurate.
Similarly, one must access more of the matter wave responsible for the position of a particle as he or she increase the accuracy of the measurement of its position.
However, because the resonant system associated with a particle's position is generated by a matter wave, there will be less of the matter wave component accessible for the measurement of its momentum, thereby increasing its uncertainty.
This means the uncertainty involved in the simultaneous measurement of the position or momentum of a particle or "The Heisenberg's uncertainty principle" is due to the internal structure of a particle and the existence of a matter wave in a continuous non-quantized form of mass.
Additionally defining particle such as an electron in terms of a resonant "structure" in a continuous non-quantized form of mass as was done in Chapter two, also explains why quantum particles appear to randomly "move" or "jump" to different positions in space without ever moving though the intervening space.
An electron can "jump" from one atomic orbital to the next without going thought the intervening space because the resonant "structure" associated with an electron does not move from one atomic orbital to the next.
Instead the resonant "structure" associated with an electron collapses in its initial atomic orbital and is then reformed in a new atomic orbital. Because no resonant system is generated in the intervening space between the atomic orbital no electrons will be found there.
Defining a quantum particle in terms of resonant system formed by matter wave on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension also provides a physical mechanism responsible for probability of finding an electron at a certain position or Schrödinger's probability wave function.
This is because the position of an electron in an atomic orbital would be dependent on how the energy associated the matter wave responsible for generating its boundaries is distributed around the nucleus of an atom.
This defines a physical mechanism responsible Schrödinger's wave function in terms of a matter wave and the existence four *spatial* dimensions.
Therefore, defining a particle in terms of resonant "structure" formed by a matter wave in a continuous non-quantized form of mass allows one to define a physical mechanism responsible for Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and Schrödinger's probability wave function.
The universe's
most powerful enabling tool is not
knowledge or understanding but
imagination
because it extends the reality of
one's environment.
Copyright 1995 Jeffrey O'Callaghan
