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Chapter Three

Electromagnetism a matter wave?

EM radiation is propagated by a matter wave in a continuous non-quantized form of mass.

Chapter one hypothesized space is composed of four *spatial* dimensions and a continuous non-quantized form of mass.

In Chapter two, the quantum properties of energy were derived in terms of classically resonating system formed by a matter wave moving on a "surface" on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

However, it can be shown that "contractions" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension caused by a matter wave are responsible for the propagation of a photon's energy. 

These "contractions" would be analogous to how a wave on the two-dimensional "surface" of water contracts or shortens the two-dimensional distance, with respect to three-dimensional space of two points on its surface.

A wave on the surface of water shorten or contracts the two-dimension distance between two water molecules on its surface with respect the distance they would be separated if there was no wave present.

Similarly a wave on the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension would shorten the distance between two points on its "surface" with respect the distance they would be separated if there was no mater wave present.

However, this means one should be able to define the kinetic energy of a photon in terms of the velocity of contractions in a three-dimensional space manifold caused by a matter wave as it moves through a continuous non-quantized form of mass if they are responsible for its energy.

As mentioned earlier, Chapter two defined the energy of all particles, including a photon, in terms of a resonate system formed by oscillations in a continuous non-quantized form of mass moving on a "surface" of a three dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

The kinetic energy of all systems is defined by the equation E=mv^2 where "E" equals the energy of the system "m" equals its mass and "v" is the velocity of the mass in that system. 

Therefore the equation E=mc^2*f would define the energy associated with those contractions as they move along a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold because their ma would be related to the frequency of the resonant system responsible for particle properties of a photon's energy.

The energy of a photon is define by the equation E=h*f.

Therefore, if a photon is a result of resonant system in a continuous non-quantized form of mass this equation can be rewritten as E=mc^2*f because it would define its energy in terms of the velocity of the mass component that system.

However, equation of E=m*c^2*f defining a photon's energy will have to be modified to E=m*c^2*(v/F).

This is because a photon's energy will be derived in terms of a ratio of a "contraction" in a length of a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold caused by the passage of a matter wave with respect to the length of a three-dimensional space manifold with no matter wave present.

The term (v/F) in the equation E=m*c^2*(v/F) defines the ratio of a shortening of a length of a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold caused by the passage of a "standing" matter wave associated with a photon or EM radiation.  This is because "v" equals the "distance" between two points on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with NO EM radiation traveling though it minus the distance between two points separated by one wavelength on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with a matter wave moving though it, while "F" equals the length of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension with a matter wave of "0" frequency passing through it.  Therefore, the dimensionless term (v/F) defines the ratio of the shortening of the length of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension caused by the passage of the matter wave responsible for EM radiation. 

However, before we begin our discussion regarding the "contractions" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold responsible for a photon's energy we must first define the difference between the "dynamic" and "static" component of a photon's energy.

The "dynamic" component of a photon's energy is related to its movement through on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

In Chapter twelve the magnitude of a mass will be derived in terms of a "curvature" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.  This "curvature" shortens or "contracts" the three-dimensional distance on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension because the "chord" of the "arc" caused by this "curvature" is shorter than the "arc" itself.

Chapter twelve indicates that the energy associated with mass that is not moving relative to an observer is, in part related to a contraction in the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension

The dynamic component of a photon's energy is a result of a contraction in the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold cause by a matter wave moving at the velocity of light on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold.  This means that a photon's energy has two components, its velocity of the resonant system associated with it particle properties and the contractions in a three-dimensional space manifold caused by a matter wave.

However, because the energy associated with the contractions in space caused by a matter wave are moving at the velocity of light therefore, one must factor it out to determine the quantity of energy contributed by them.

Earlier these discussions showed the "contractions" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold responsible for a photon's energy caused by oscillations moving at the velocity of light are defined by the equation E=m*c(v/F).

However, this indicates, the energy associated with the  "contraction" of a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension by a photon would be quantified by the equation E=m*c*(v/F) or E=m*c*(Mr-Mc)/F). 

The term (Mr-Mc)/F) in the equation E=m*c*(Mr-Mc)/F) defines the magnitude of a contraction in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension in terms of the frequency of a matter wave responsible for a photon's energy.  This is because the term "Mr" represents the distance between two points on a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension with NO matter wave traveling thought it and the term "Mc" represents the distance two points occupy on a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension with a matter wave moving through it and "F" equals the length of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension with a matter wave of "0" frequency moving through it.  Therefore, the dimensionless term (v/F) or (Mr-Mc)/F) defines the "shortening" in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension by the passage of a matter wave responsible for EM radiation.

Earlier it was mention that Chapter twelve defined gravitational energy in terms of a "shortening" or contraction in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

However the equation of E=m*c*(Mr-Mc)/F) indicates that EM radiation and the energy of a photon is also the result of a "shortening" or contraction in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

This provides a physical link between the quantized energy of a photon and gravitational energy because if defines both in terms of the physical properties of a continuous non-quantized form of mass and energy and four *spatial* dimensions. 

One must factor in the velocity of light to finial equation defining the energy of EM radiation because earlier it had to be factor out to define the energy contributed by the contraction of the three dimensional space manifold.  Therefore, the finial equation defining the energy of a photon is E=m*c*c*(Mr-Mc)/F) or E=mc^2*(Mr-Mc)/F)

This completes the derivation of EM radiation in terms of a matter wave in a continuous non-quantized form of mass and energy moving on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

The universe's most powerful enabling tool is not
  knowledge or understanding but imagination
  because it extends the reality of
  one's environment.

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Copyright 1995 Jeffrey O'Callaghan