We have shown throughout "The Imagineer’s Chronicles" that there would be many theoretical advantages to defining the universe in terms of the existence of a continuous non-quantized form of mass and four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time.

One is that it would allow the theoretical integration of gravity, electromagnetism, and the quantum mechanical properties of mass and energy.

Einstein may have given us part of the solution in the following excerpt from the address "Aether and the theory of Relativity" he delivered on May 5th 1920 at the University of Leyden Germany.

"Recapitulating, we may say that according to the General Theory of Relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an Aether.  According to the General Theory of Relativity space without Aether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense.  But this Aether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts, which may be tracked through time.  The idea of motion may not be applied to it."

Unfortunately, Einstein did not have access to the data concerning the quantum "qualities" of mass when developing his theories as we do today, such as the Louis de Broglie’s observation made in 1924 that all particles have a transverse wave component.  If he had he may have chosen to define all forms of energy including gravitational in terms of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time because, as was shown in the article "Defining Energy" Nov. 26, 2007 he could have done it that way.

The fact that all particles were composed of a wave would have confirmed his conclusion that space was composed of Aether or a continuous-non quantized form of mass, which does not consist of "parts which may be tracked through time".  This is because even the smallest particle, according to Broglie observations must have a wave component.  Therefore, a continuous medium must be available to support it.  He would have also realized this space would have to be made up of a continuous non-quantized form of matter because it is the only substance that can "endow" it with "physical qualities".

However, the transverse properties of this wave would have made him realize the gravitational forces associated with the mass of stars or planets would more likely be related to a curvature in four *spatial* dimensions instead four-dimensional space-time.

This is because he would have realized that a universe consisting of four-dimensional space-time could not support the transverse wave properties of a particle because time is only observed to in one direction forward.  Therefore, it could not support the bidirectional movement required for the propagation of a transverse wave.

That would have enabled him to explain and predict the quantum properties of particles, as was done in the article “Why is mass quantized?” in terms of a resonant "structure" or system formed by a matter wave in a continuous non-quantized form of mass moving on a "surface" of a three-dimensional manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.  This would have allowed him to define a common link between the quantum properties of individual particles and the gravitational forces associated with their aggregations in terms of a curvature in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

He them would have been able derive the relativistic properties of motion, space and time and the equivalence between gravitational and accelerated reference frames in terms of the existence of four *spatial* dimensions as was done in the article "Why four spatial dimensions?" and "Defining Gravity."

He then may have realized that it would be possible to define a common mechanism responsible for both electromagnetism and the quantum and gravitational properties of mass, as was done in the article “The Photon: a matter wave?“ in terms of a resonant system caused by a matter wave moving on a "surface" of a three-dimensional *spatial* manifold.

Additionally, he then may have been able to define the mechanism responsible for the why the speed of light is constant for all observers despite there relative movement through the Aether or a continuous non-quantized form of mass, as was done in the article ”Reference frames“ July 1, 2008 in terms of a displacement of a volume with respect to a four *spatial* dimension.

This means he may have able to define a Gravitational Quantum electrodynamics or a link between electromagnetism, gravity and the quantum properties of mass in terms of the existence of a continuous non-quantized form of mass and four *spatial* dimensions if he had know about the transverse wave properties of a particle discovered by Louis de Broglie before he chose to define the universe in terms of four-dimensional space-time.

Later Jeff

The "Shadows" of four spatial dimensions

Copyright 2008 Jeffrey O’Callaghan

(In a PDF format)

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