(This article is a collaboration between Benny Creemers, a proponent of Super Relativity and Jeff.  Please visit his web site to gain a different perspective on this subject and Mark Fiorentino site for a discussion of the principals of Super Relativity.)

We have shown throughout "The Imagineer’s Chronicles" that observation of our environment suggest that space is composed of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time.

The Equivalence of gravitational and accelerated reference frames is one of them.

Many modern physicists believe that only way to define the equivalence between gravitational and accelerated reference frames and the relativistic properties of inertial ones is in terms of a curvature or a displacement in a four-dimensional space-time manifold.

The Equivalence Principle

However, in the article "Reference frames" July-07-08 it was shown the relativistic properties inertial reference frames could be explained and predicted in terms of a curvature or displacement of a three-dimensional volume with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. 

But it is also possible to explain and predict the equivalence of gravitational and accelerated reference frames in same terms

In the article "Defining energy" Nov 26, 2007 it was shown gravitational forces could be derived in terms of a displacement in "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.  While the forces associated with accelerated reference frame could be defined in terms of an oppositely directed displacement of its “surface” with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

This means the "energy surface" of a gravitational reference frame will be "concave” with respect to the surrounding volume while the "energy surface" of an accelerated reference frame will have a "convex curvature".

The physical reason why we cannot devise an experiment to determine if an observer is in a gravitational or accelerated reference frame is that, as mention in the article "Reference frames" Jul 01, 2008 we as three dimensional beings can only measure movement with respect to three *spatial* dimensions.

Therefore, because all accelerations are a result of movement of a "surface" of a three-dimensional manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension, to determine which type of accelerated reference frame someone was occupying we would have to devise an experiment that could distinguish the directional component of its movement with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

However, as was shown in the article "Embedded Dimensions" Oct 22, 2007 it is not possible for three dimensional being to view motion with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.  Therefore, we as three-dimensional beings are unable to distinguish between gravitational and accelerated reference frames.

This identifies an alternative explanation for Einstein’s Principal of Equivalence in terms of four *spatial* dimensions.

Later Jeff

The "Shadows" of four spatial dimensions

Copyright 2008 Jeffrey O’Callaghan

(In a PDF format)



8 Comments to “The Equivalence Principal: an alternative”


  1. China man — 12/31/2008 @ 9:15 pm

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    Not sure that this is true) but thanks…

  2. sonson — 01/01/2009 @ 3:10 am

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  3. imobi — 01/01/2009 @ 9:59 pm

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  4. AlexanderGreat — 01/04/2009 @ 4:21 pm

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  5. Posicionamiento Paginas Web — 02/12/2009 @ 3:59 pm

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  6. ShedeefeWes — 04/06/2009 @ 8:33 am

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  7. CaMexoveabLob — 04/19/2009 @ 10:45 am

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  8. CaMexoveabLob — 04/20/2009 @ 12:23 pm

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