The effort to unify all of the forces and laws of nature or find a "Theory of Everything" has primarily focused on explaining gravity in terms of the concepts contained in quantum mechanical particle theories.

However, it is unfortunate that some have not made an effort to find it by explaining the quantum mechanical properties of particles in terms of gravitational forces because if they had we may have found it by now.

We observe that all particles have mass, which is associated with gravitational force.  However, for the past century the brightest minds of the scientific community have been unable to define how this force can be propagated by a particle using the current quantum mechanical paradigms.  Additionally, even with the recent advancements in observational technologies, no one has observed the graviton or particle that many feel is responsible for the propagation of gravitational forces.

However, the fact that we have not been able to define a unifying mechanism either mathematically or conceptually for the observed quantum mechanical and gravitational properties of nature in terms of the current paradigms may not be related to their content but to how we are attempting to integrate them.

For example, the fundamental assumption of Quantum mechanics is that mass and energy is contained in discrete irreducible units or packets of energy called quarks and leptons.

However, the graviton or particle many physics associated with gravitational force has not, as mentioned earlier been observed.  Some feel that this is due to the fact our instruments are not yet advance enough to detect it but it could also be because gravitational force is not propagated by a particle but by a continuous property of mass/energy.

This conclusion is supported by the observation of Davisson and Germer, when in 1927 they observed that electrons and along with other particles are diffracted by crystals.  This means they must have a wave component because that is the only way to explain how they can generate a diffraction pattern.  However, it also indicates that each individual particle must also have the continuous geometric substructure associated of a wave.

We have shown throughout “The Imagineer’s Chronicles” that observations of our environment suggest that space is composed of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time.

In the article "Defining gravity" Dec. 15, 2007 it was shown that one can theoretically derive the relativist properties of motion, gravity and the fact that it is equivalent to an accelerated reference frame in terms of a continuous geometric property of four *spatial* dimensions in a manner that makes predictions identical to these made by both The General and Special Theories of Relativity.

While in the article "Why is mass and energy quantized?" Oct. 4, 2007 it was shown that one can derive the quantum mechanical properties of mass in terms of a classically resonating system generated by a matter wave on a continuous "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.

There are four conditions required for resonance to occur in a classical Newtonian environment, an object, or substance with a natural frequency, a forcing function at the same frequency as the natural frequency, the lack of a damping frequency and the ability for the substance to oscillate spatial.

(In a latter article "The geometry of quarks" it will be shown how and why quarks join together to form these resonant systems in terms of the geometry of four *spatial* dimensions.)

The existence of four *spatial* dimensions would give a "surface" of three dimensional space the ability to oscillate spatially with respect to it thereby fulfilling one of the requirements for classical resonance to occur.

These oscillations would be caused by an event such as the decay of a subatomic particle or the shifting of an electron in an atomic orbital.  This would force the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension to oscillate with the frequency associated with the energy of that event.

However, these oscillations in three-dimensional space would, according to classical mechanics would generate a resonant system or "structure" in it.  These resonant systems are what defined a particle in the article "Why is mass and energy quantized?"

This cannot be done in terms of four-dimensional space-time because time or a space-time dimension is only observed to move in one direction forwards and therefore could not support the bi-directional spatial movement required to establish classical resonance.

The assumption that the quantum mechanical properties of mass are a result of a continuous properties of space is also supported by Davisson and Germer’s observation that all particles has a wave component because, as mentioned earlier it means they must have the continuous geometric substructure of a wave.

However, as mentioned earlier the properties of gravity can also be also derived in terms of the continuous property of four *spatial* dimensions. 

This suggest that we may have already found a "A Theory Everything" if, as mentioned earlier we had tried to derive the discontinuous quantum mechanical properties of mass in terms of the continuous properties of gravity instead of deriving the discontinuous properties of particles in terms of continuous properties of gravitational forces.

Later Jeff

The "Shadows" of four spatial dimensions

Copyright 2008 Jeffrey O’Callaghan

(In a PDF format)

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