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Loading...(This article is a collaboration between Benny Creemers, a proponent of Super Relativity and Jeff. Please visit his web site to gain a different perspective on this subject and Mark Fiorentino site for a discussion of the principals of Super Relativity.)
We have been suggesting in "The Imagineer’s Chronicles" space is composed of a continuous non-quantized form of mass and four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time.
Many believe this implies the Newtonian concept of absolute space and time should be valid.
However, this may not be true!
The article “Defining energy” Nov 27, 2007 showed all forms of energy can be derived in terms of a curvature or displacement in a "surface" of a three dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth spatial dimension while the article "Defining time?" Sept. 20, 2007 showed that defining it only in terms of a measure of sequential ordering of the causality of events would provide an unambiguous definition that is consistent with both physical and mathematical observations.
However, this would mean the Newtonian concept of absolute time and space does not exist.
As mentioned earlier all forms of energy are caused by a curvature in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. However we as three-dimensional beings can only perceive the cord of an arc generated in a "surface" of three-dimensional space with respect to a four *spatial* dimension.
Therefore, one of the reasons absolute space does not exist is because, as that article showed the energy or momentum of reference frames in relative motion would create a curvature in "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold. Therefore, because the cord of an arc is shorter than the arc itself, three-dimensional beings will view the distance between two events in those reference frames to be shorter than would be if they were not in relative motion. Therefore, the concept of absolute length does not because length in all reference frames is dependent on their relative velocities.
However, the passage of time will also be effect by a curvature in a "surface" of three-dimensional space with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension created by the relative motion of different reference frames because as was just shown the length between events is effect by it. Therefore, the time interval will be dilated for events in reference frames that are in relative motion because of the added time it takes for events in them to "travel" that greater distance. Therefore, the concept of absolute time does not exist because the time interval between events in reference frames that are in relative motion will depend on their relative velocities.
This means the Newtonian concept of absolute time would not exist in a universe consisting of four *spatial dimensions.
It can also be shown the existence of a physical medium such as a continuous non-quantized form of mass does not necessarily imply the existence of absolute space
Einstein realized this because in the address "Aether and the theory of Relativity" he delivered on May 5th 1920 at the University of Leyden Germany he indicated that The General Theory of Relativity predicts, "space is endowed with physical qualities".
"Recapitulating, we may say that according to the General Theory of Relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an Aether. According to the General Theory of Relativity space without Aether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this Aether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media, as consisting of parts, which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may not be applied to it."
However, he was careful to define the "quality characteristics" of this physical medium. Specifically he said that it could not consist of parts, which could be tracked though time. This would be one of the properties of a continuous non-quantized form of mass because being continuous it would not have "parts which may be tracked through time".
Earlier in the article "Defining space" Sept. 13, 2007, it was shown the existence of a continuous non-quantized form of mass is responsible for defining a volume of space.
(The conclusion is also supported by Einstein’s statement that "space without Aether (continuous non-quantized form of mass) is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time.)
However, since we have defined space in terms of the existence of a continuous non-quantized form of mass and four *spatial* dimensions, to be consistent with the "qualities" Einstein indicated his Aether (continuous non-quantized form of mass) should have we should define its other quality or "The idea of motion may not be applied to it." in terms of four *spatial* dimension instead of four-dimensional space-time.
As mentioned earlier the article "Defining energy" Nov. 26, 2007 showed the momentum or energy of an object in motion can be derived in terms of a displacement in a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
Isaac Newton defined an inertial reference frame as one in which an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion in a straight line at a constant speed, and if a repulsive force acts between two bodies of the same mass, they will acquire equal velocities in equal amounts of time.
However, if as was shown in the article "Defining energy" the momentum of an inertial reference frame is defined by a constant displacement with respect to a fourth spatial dimension of a volume of three-dimensional space the continuous non-quantized form of mass defining its volume will be "stationary" with respect to it.
Therefore, the continuous non-quantized form of mass associated with that volume would appear to a three-dimensional observer in it to be moving in a straight line at a constant speed with respect to other internal reference frames.
This also means that if two volumes of three-dimensional space occupy the same "position" along the axis in four-dimensional space, they will remain at rest or stationary with respect to each other in three-dimensional space.
The reason a force that acts between two bodies of the same mass in a inertial reference frame causes them to acquire equal velocities in equal times is because, as was shown in article the "Defining energy" force is the result of a movement of a three-dimensional volume with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension. Therefore, if an equal force were applied to two masses in an inertial reference frame the three-dimension volume associated with those masses would move with equal and opposite directions with respect to a common point in four-dimensional space where that inertial reference frame was located.
This shows the existence of continuous non-quantized form of mass and four *spatial* dimensions does not mean that the Newtonian concept of absolute space and time should be valid.
It should be remembered that a continuous non-quantized form of mass is not part of a volume; it is what defines a volume.
Later Jeff
The "Shadows" of four spatial dimensions
Copyright 2008 Jeffrey O’Callaghan
(In a PDF format)
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