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Loading...Einstein, in his theory of relativity derived the force of gravity in terms of the geometry of space and time. Unfortunately he was unable describe the other forces in nature, above all the force of electromagnetism, in same terms, as was documented by the American Institute of Physics.
"From before 1920 until his death in 1955, Einstein struggled to find laws of physics far more general than any known before. In his theory of relativity, the force of gravity had become an expression of the geometry of space and time. The other forces in nature, above all the force of electromagnetism, had not been described in such terms. But it seemed likely to Einstein that electromagnetism and gravity could both be explained as aspects of some broader mathematical structure. The quest for such an explanation — for a "unified field" theory that would unite electromagnetism and gravity, space and time, all together — occupied more of Einstein’s years than any other activity".
However, we have shown throughout the “The Imagineer’s Chronicles” there would be many theoretical advantages to defining the universe in term of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time.
One is it would allow for common explanation for gravity and electromagnetism in terms of the laws of classical mechanics.
The article "Defining Energy" Nov. 26, 2007 showed that one can derive gravity in terms of classical mechanics by extrapolating it to four *spatial* dimensions and assuming gravity is caused by curvature or displacement in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
This curvature is analogous to the space-time curvature Einstein associated with gravity.
Similarly the article "What is electromagnetism?" Sept, 27 2007 showed one could derive the electromagnetic wave properties of a photon in terms of a displacement caused by a matter wave moving on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension by extrapolating the laws of classical wave mechanics to four *spatial* dimensions.
(The article ”Why is mass and energy quantized?” Oct. 4, 2007 showed that by extrapolating the laws of classical physics to four *spatial* dimensions one can also derive the particle properties of a photon of electromagnetic energy in terms of a classically resonating system formed by a matter wave moving on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
However, defining electromagnetic waves in terms of a displacement of a "surface" of three-dimensional space with respect to four *spatial* dimensions gives one the ability to define the electromagnetic properties of this transverse wave terms of a displacement caused by the peaks and valleys of a matter wave on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
This is not possible in a universe consisting four-dimensional space-time because time is only observed to move in one direction forward and therefore could not support the bi-directional movement required to define transverse waves.
A wave on the two-dimensional surface of water causes a point on that surface to be become displaced or rise above or below the equilibrium point that existed before the wave was present. A force will be developed by the differential displacement of the surfaces, which will result in the elevated and depressed portions of the water moving towards or become "attracted" to each other and the surface of the water.
Similarly a matter wave on the "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension would cause a point on that "surface" to become displaced or rise above and below the equilibrium point that existed before the wave was present on that "surface".
This means according to classical wave mechanics a force will be developed by the differential displacements of the "surfaces" of three-dimensional space, which will result in the elevated and depressed portions moving towards or becoming "attracted" to each other.
Therefore, by extrapolating the laws of classical wave mechanics to four *spatial* dimensions one can derive the causality of the attractive forces of unlike electromagnetic charges in terms of a force developed by the differential displacement of a point on a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension caused by a matter wave on that surface.
However, it also provides a classical mechanism for understanding why similar charges repel each other because observations of water show that there is a direct relationship between the magnitudes of a displacement in its surface to the magnitude of the force resisting that displacement.
Similarly, the magnitude of a displacement in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension caused by two similar charges will be greater than that caused by a single one. Therefore, similar charges will repel each other because the magnitude of the force resisting the displacement will be greater for two similar charges than it would be for a single charge.
Additionally, the fact the electrical and magnetic components electromagnetic energy are always 90 degrees out of phase supports the conclusion that is it is a wave on a “surface” of a three-dimension space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.
This is because the "vertical" displacement with respect to a fourth *spatial* of the peaks and valleys of a matter wave on a “surface” of a three-dimensional space manifold will cause a horizontal displacement in that "surface" which is tangential to the vertical displacement.
This is analogous to how the vertical displacement of a mountain also generates a horizontal displacement on the earth surface.
As mentioned earlier the displacements in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension are responsible for electrical forces. Therefore, according to Classical Mechanics a force will be developed by these displacement that is 90 degrees out of phase with it electrical component. This force is called magnetism.
However, this is not possible if one defines space in terms of four-dimensional space-time because time is observed to move in one direction forward so it is not capable of supporting the bi directional movement required to define the alternating electromagnetic wave properties of electromagnetism.
But, as was mentioned earlier the article "Defining Energy" Nov. 26, 2007 showed that one can also derive a classical mechanism for the causality gravity in terms of a displacement in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial*
This shows that one can define a common mechanism for the causality of electromagnetism and gravity in terms of a "unified field" consisting of four *spatial* dimension because can explain both by extrapolating the of laws of classical mechanics to four *spatial* dimensions.
Later Jeff
The "Shadows" of four spatial dimensions
Copyright 2008 Jeffrey O’Callaghan
(In a PDF format)
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A definite great read…:)
-Bill-Bartmann
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I’m Out!
Greetings. I would respectfully submit that the following is the definitive unification of gravity and electromagnetism.
http://radicalacademy.com/studentrefphilfmd13.htm
Decreased gravity may be offset/balanced by increased
inertia/immobilization, thereby balancing scale (distance in space). This balances attraction and repulsion, and this demonstrates space as gravitational/electromagnetic energy –in these different manifestations of the same. The MID-range of gravity is equivalent with the SEMI-immobilized condition therein — (picture us in outer space/the sun) vs. earth (full gravity) — in dreams. Touch/tactile experience is also at the same energy/feeling level as the gravitational experience in dreams. Read Mach on inertia and gravity.
Understanding that the self represents, forms, and experiences a comprehensive approximation of the totality of experience is crucial to ULTIMATELY understanding mathematical description and physics, and the limits thereof.
The gravitational contraction (to the center of the body) may be understood as being balanced by (and involving) an electromagnetic repulsion/expansion. Larger and smaller spaces (contracted space vs. outer space). The heightened concern/energy, touch/tactile experience, the gravity in dreams, semi/half immobilized/”inertialized” – they are
all manifestations of what is essentially the same. Union of gravity and electromagnetism. by Author Frank Martin DiMeglio