We have shown in "The Imagineer’s Chronicles" observations or our environment support the existence of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time because it gives a more logical and consistent explanation of the relativistic properties of space and time of them than is provided by the "Theory of Relativity".

In the article "Defining energy" Nov. 26, 2007 it was showed defining gravitational and kinetic energy in terms of a curvature or displacement in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension was more consistent with their observed properties than defining them in terms of a space-time manifold.

However, it is also possible to define a mechanism that can explain and predict the relativistic time dilation and length foreshortening associated with gravity and velocities in terms of a curvature in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold, which again is more consistent with observations than defining them in terms of a space-time manifold.

As was shown in the article "Embedded Dimensions" Oct. 22, 2007 three-dimensional beings could only observe the cord of the arc generated by gravity in a a surface of a three dimensional space manifold.

Therefore, the length of objects would be foreshortened, due to gravitational effects when viewed by three-dimensional beings because the cord of the arc generated by a curvature in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension will be shorter than the arc itself.

The same would be true for objects in relative motion because, as was shown in the article "What is energy" Nov. 26, 2007 the momentum of objects is can be defined in terms of an  "oppositely directed" curvature (with respect to the one associated with  gravity) in a "surface" of a three-dimension space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension.  Therefore, each observer would view the length of an object in relative motion as being shorter because they will view the cord of the arc generated by a curvature in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold caused by the relative motion of the objects.

However, time will also be affected because three-dimensional beings can only view the cord of the arc in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension caused by  gravity or the momentum of an object.

In the article "Defining time?" Sept 20, 2007 it was shown defining it only in terms of a measure of the sequential ordering of the causality of an event would provide an unambiguous definition of it that is consistent with both the physical and mathematical observations of time.

However if this is a valid definition, time would be dilated with respect to an external reference frame that was in motion or in a gravitational field because of the foreshortening of length, the measurement of the distance between events would be greater for an observer in that reference frame than for one who is outside of it.  Therefore, measurement of time between two events would be longer in a moving reference frame because distance between events would be greater. 

This indicates one can explain and predict the relativistic properties of space and time in terms of the existence of four *spatial* dimension just as logically consistently as can be done in terms of four-dimensional space-time.

When you combine these observations regarding time dilation, gravity and momentum with the others presented in "The Imagineer’s Chronicles" it becomes difficult to dispute that fact the universe is composed of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four dimensional space-time.

Later Jeff

The "Shadows" of four spatial dimensions

Copyright 2007 Jeffrey O’Callaghan

Write a comment