We have shown throughout “The Imagineer’s Chronicles” there are many theoretical advantages to defining the universe in terms of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four-dimensional space-time.

One is that it allows for the defining a common mechanism responsible for both dark and gravitational energy

On May 30, 2004, physicsworld.com reported, in the article Dark Energy "New evidence has confirmed that the expansion of the universe is accelerating under the influence of a gravitationally repulsive form of energy that makes up two-thirds of the cosmos.

However, since its discovery no one has been able to define a mechanism that can account for its existence.

In the article “Defining energy” Nov. 26, 2007 it was shown it is possible to derive all forms of energy including gravitational in terms curvature or distortion in a "surface" of a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth spatial dimensions.

However, if it were true that all forms of energy are related to a geometric property of four *spatial* dimensions one should be able to define a causal link between dark and gravity energy in terms of four *spatial dimensions.

If gravity, as mentioned earlier is a result of a curvature in a three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension, then reducing the mass of an object would reduce the magnitude of that curvature.  This would result in a physical expansion of that three-dimensional space manifold with respect to a fourth *spatial* dimension thereby increasing the volume of the universe.  This is analogous to how removing the coils or curvature in a rope causes a physical expansion of its length with respect to three-dimensional space.

However, this is one of the properties of Dark Energy in that it causes a physical expansion of space and since this expansion occurs in addition to any resulting from the expansive energy associated with the Big Bang it will be viewed as an acceleration.

This means that one can explain the causality of Dark and gravitational energy in terms of a common mechanism related to the geometry of four *spatial* dimensions.

This is extremely difficult to do in terms of four-dimensional space-time because the expansion of a time or a space time-dimension cannot explain the spatially expansive properties of Dark Energy.

The fact that the effects of Dark Energy are only observable between bodies that are not gravitational bound can also be explained by assuming it’s causality is a result of the geometry of four *spatial* dimensions. 

If both dark and gravitational energy are related to the existence of four *spatial* dimensions then, as will be shown in a latter article "Why E=mc^2" the "concentration" of Dark relative to gravitational energy would be defined by the equation E=mc^2".  Therefore, because the expansive effects it has on space are considerably less "concentrated" by factor of c^2 than the contractive forces associated with mass it would be extremely difficult to observe it between gravitationally bound objects.

This shows that one of the advantages to defining the universe in terms of four *spatial* dimensions instead of four dimension space-time is that it allow one to establish a logical and consistent theoretical link between the observed properties of both dark and gravitational energy

Later Jeff

The "Shadows" of four spatial dimensions

Copyright 2009 Jeffrey O’Callaghan

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